June 17th, 2009 
Aman Delhi Sultanate: It refers to Muslim states who ruled in India from 1206 to 1526. There were may rulers like Turkic and Pashtun who ruled from Delhi. The different dynasties include the Mamluk dynasty, Khilji dynasty, Sayyid dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty and Lodhi dynasty. Delhi Sultanate was immersed in 1526 by Mughal Empire.
Mamluk dynasty: Mamluk dynasty came into existence in 1206. Mohammad Ghori, the second Muslim attacker fought two battles of Tarain with Prithviraj Chauhan. He established his control after winning the second battle. Under his control all rulers were slaves of Mohammed Ghori. That’s why Mamluk dynasty also known as Slave dynasty. The governor of his dynasty was Qutubuddin Aibak. He started constructing Qutub Minar in his dynasty. The Qutub Minar was completed in his successor Iltumish. The daughter of Iltumish was the first female ruler from the Muslim world. She was blessed by God and performed the administrator work very efficiently. The Mamluk dynasty brought to an end in 1290.
Khalji dynasty: Khalji dynasty started his ruling period in 1290 after defeating Mamluk dynasty. It was Afghan ruling dynasty. They were the second Muslim dynasty. They ruled over large area of South Asia. During the Mohammed Ghori rule, Khalji had established them as rulers of Bengal. They were responsible for eliminating the rule of Mamluks. Khalji defeated Gujarat and Malwa. After that they started its victory journey from south of Narmada river to Tamil Nadu. The emperor of the Khalji dynasty was faithlessness, ferocity. The Khalji for higher degree promoted Persian language. The Khalji dynasty concluded in 1320.
Tughlaq dynasty: The tughlaq dynasty established in 1320 after Khalji dynasty. It was established by Ghiyasuddin tughlaq. He was a military commander under the Khalji dynasty. He was also known as Ghazi Malik. The Tughlaq was offspring of Turks. They were basically from Afghanistan but had lived in India from long time. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was succeeded by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. He was very anxious monarch. He had made many plans for development but all in vain. They all were failed due to [poor planning or can say because of his bad luck. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the liberal in religion sphere. He favored non orthodox faction of society. He was succeeded by Firuz Shah who totally reversed his policies. After his death the dynasty becomes week. The Tughlaq dynasty comes to an end in 1413.
Sayyid dynasty: Sayyid dynasty ruled in India from 1414. They achieved the victory on Tughlaq dynasty. This dynasty was established by khizr Khan after captured Delhi from Daulat Khan Lodhi. The time period of Sayyid dynasty was 37 years. The central authority of Delhi had been weakened by invasion of Timur. After that Sayyid gained the power to rule in India. The successor of Khizr Khan was Mubarrak khan. He was the son of the Khizr Khan who took over the rule after the death of his father. They were successfully ruled on Sultanate until Lodhi dynasty replaced them. The Sayyid dynasty wound up in 1451.
Lodhi dynasty: The Lodhi dynasty was found in 1451. The dynasty was founded by Bhalul Lodhi. He spent most of his time in fighting. He was fought against Jaunpur Sultanate and annexed it. Muhammad Shah raised him to the status of Amir. His second son Sikandar Lodhi succeeded him after his death. Sikandar Lodhi struggled against his elder brother Barbak Shah and won the battle. He was a capable ruler and also merciful too. He proved him as a proficient ruler who is kind and intelligent. The last Sultan of Lodhi dynasty was Sultan Ibrahim Khan Lodhi. He was the youngest son of Sikandar Lodhi. Like his father he was very courageous who gave his whole life to keep the Lodhi dynasty from destruction. He was defeated in Battle of Panipat. The Lodhi dynasty ended in 1526 after Ibrahim Lodhi defeated the battle.
Female Sultana: During Delhi sultanate few female ruled over India. This is the only Sultanate where female rules over India. One of the famous names is Razia Sulatana, the daughter of Iltutmish the emperor of Mamluk dynasty. She was very intelligent and popular. She was more responsible than her brothers. While her monarchy was for very short time but she was still remembered and had special place in the history of Delhi Sultanate. She was the first queen of Muslim who ruled in India. Her ruling period started in 1236. He handled the administration very efficiently during her dynasty. The area on which she ruled was east Delhi to west Peshawar and in north from North Kashmir to South Multan. She ruled in India till 1240. She was killed by an agitator of her own government who not only killed her but also killed her husband Malik Altuniya and buried them outside the Delhi.
Monetory Economy: The Sultanate introduced the concept of monetory system in first half of the 14th century. The terms used were sarkars which was provinces and praganas which was districts. This established a network of market centres. The states profit was based on the successful agriculture. Mohammad Bin Tughluq encouraged cash crops for successful agriculture like sugarcane
Lapse of Sultanate: Lodhi dynasty was the last dynasty of the Sultanate. The last ruler of Sultanate was Ibrahim Lodhi which was disliked by governor. He was extremely aggressive. This nature of Ibrahim was the reason that he was disliked by court. Due to this reason, Daulat Khan the governor of Punjab invited Zahir-Ud-din-Mohammed Babur to conquer Delhi. He was the ruler of Kabul. He conquered Delhi by fighting battle of Panipat against Sultanate last emperor in 1526. In the battle Ibrahim Lodhi was killed in battleground. Zahir-ud-din won the first battle of Panipat by his effective strategy and proper use of army weapons. After winning first battle he conquered Agra and Delhi. He set the Mughal dynasty which ruled over India for 300 years more. There were many Sultanates established in Awadh, Bengal, Malwa, Gujarat and Jaunpur after sack of by Timur in 1398.
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