Indians in Australia: India is second country in world according to population and its people are working and living across the world. Australia is one of the countries which allow maximum immigration and Indians are also migrating there as well looking for education or work. Australian Indians are among some of the fastest growing ethnic groups in Australia presently. According to Australian report 2006-06, India is found to be fourth most important source of permanent migrants to their country, Australia behind the England, New Zealand and China. There are about 153,579 persons who born in India living in Australia. They are from different regions and religions of India and growing very fast. The maximum numbers of Indian born residents are living in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia part of Australia. Most of them are from Hindu and Christian religion and rest of religion which are just in minority are Muslims, Jains and Sikhs from India. Indians are making their remarkable name in Australia with their hard work and their brain. Australia Indians are working in various fields like teaching, medical science, research projects, engineering and technology and in many other fields. There are better job opportunities in Australia which attract Indians to work there and earning better for their future generations. They are enjoying all the leisure and advanced technology of modern Australia. There are various Australian government policies which encourage immigration to their country. They have various programs which allow talented and skilled professionals to migrate there. Australia is big hub for advanced studies too which attract scholars there for further research works. Indians are working for development of both India as well as Australia. Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Michael Rudd wantsstrategic partnership with India for economic, political, security and cultural spectrum. India is seeking for uranium from Australia.

Indians achievement: There are many Australia Indian doctors which are serving there for better health of their citizens. Many physicians are also working in their field. There are many famous personalities who are of Indian origin in Australia. Aravind Adiga, who won the Man Booker Prize in 2008 for his debut novel The White Tiger in 2008, is an Indian journalist and author. Many other Indian authors have also given remarkable contribution to literature and poetry. There are many Australia Indian lawyers who are very famous and have good command on laws. Australia Indian people are showing their skills and hard work in their respective fields and working with keen interest. Indians are becoming rich there with time. Indian born business men are also expanding business in Australia. Pankaj Oswal, who is from India and shifted to Australia in 2001, is the Chairman and Managing Director of Burrup Holdings Limited which is one of the world’s largest liquid ammonia production companies. Pankaj Oswal own 55% equity of BOY and is known among one of the richest people of Australia with fortune of over AU$2 billion. Indians have potential to excel which have made them rich with time. There is wide scope in Australia for Indians and Indians can get high-standards of living. The high salaries which Indians are earning in Australia have changed Indians from middle class villagers to rich and powerful Indians in Australia. There are various Indian restaurants running in Australia and doing good business. Indian actors, musicians, singers and story writer are becoming popular across the Australia with their hard work. There are many Indian origin personalities in Australia who have made their name and whose contribution make us proud that those are Indians. They also feel proud to be Indian and have their moral values with them. Australian universities have attractive cost effective programs for advanced education which are making Indian talented students migrate there for studies.

Higher Education: Every year a large number of Indian students go to Australia for higher studies in universities because of high quality of education and are competing there in every field with Australian. Indian studying in Australia are succeeding globally due to good standard education and making their name in world. In past, Indians used to chose Australia for cost effectiveness but now they are aware of quality education and prefer to migrate to Australia instead of United States and United Kingdom. Recently some racial discrimination is also faced by Indian students and many of them were attacked by Australians in Sydney and Melbourne. Many of attacked students were seriously injured and hospitalized in critical conditions. The Federation of Indian Students in Australia responded with the major protests in Melbourne because of Australian government negligence ofthe issue. These are some negative signs for Indian students but laterAustralian government has assured them to save them from any kind of racial discrimination. Whether it is field of sports or politics, Indians are ahead at every place. India can play crucial role in economic development of Australia as there are large numbers of Indians working in Australia. Also India is big power in Pacific Asia and have good network across the world. Both countries together can play important role for development as both have resources which are useful for each other. Australia seeks India as natural partner to face the challenge of managing the stresses and strains of shifting economic and strategic contours in the Asia-Pacific region. By the economic point of view India is very important as India is Australia’s fifth largest export market for various commodities and the trade is further increasing rapidly and soon Australia will become the third largest export market to India. India is world’s fifth largest consumer and Australia look to be a reliable supplier for Indian energy demand. India and Australia both have various fields in which by working together they can grow better like information and communications technology, education, tourism, finance, mining, construction and software development. India and Australia are already functioning together to fulfill needs of each other for mines, coal, new and renewable energy, petroleum and natural gas and power under five Action Plans. There are further chances of development on working together on a range of security cooperation like fighting against terrorism, natural disasters and criminal and smuggling issues. Indians in Australia are increasing rapidly whether those are students or permanent migrants. There is better scope for Indians to make future in Australia with improving government relations between two countries. Australia Indians have more chance of development withcollaboration in many fields between two countries.

Indians in USA: Indians are not at back front at any place and are working across the world at good positions. Indians are making the world understand that how much potential they have whether they are in USA or in any other country. There is no doubt that Indian people are hard working and have ability to get any goal they want to achieve. United States of America is known as biggest power in the world even there Indians are earning more than their national average income. Indians settled in USA are not behind in any field there too whether that is sports, politics, education, research, business, literature, media or any other field. Indians are moving ahead of all at every place with their abilities and heritage. There are more than 2.15 million Indians living in America and making their name.

Achievements of Indians: Many Indian living in USA has won biggest honour, Nobel Prize in various fields. Even in year 2009, Indian American Venkatraman Ramakrishnan has won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry and many others have got this honour there in past in their respective fields. Indians have ability to earn and they have skills for working which they are using to get through any given tasks. More than 65% of Indian males living in USA are at managerial or professional jobs which clearly show their ability to manage and tackle the conditions. A big percentage of Indian people are engaged in technical work too. Indians living in USA may be less than 1% of their total population but still they have significant role in government formation. They have interest in politics and they know how to express their views which affects the government. Many Indian Americans have worked as mayor of different cities. Indian based American; Republican Congressman Bobby Jindal who was former U.S. Representative was elected as Governor of Louisiana in 2007, which is remarkable achievement when you are living in some other country. There are many other Indian names in US politics which have left their marks and have significant role in government.

Indian Billionaire in USA: In the field of business too there are many Indian in USA who are billionaire and founded many industries and expended their business. Many big USA companies have Indian origin CEO, chairman, managing directors because of their abilities and hard work. Indian Americans own about 30% of the all hotels and motels of USA which is not a small number. Indians have sharp brain and they have proved it everywhere. Most of Indian Americans have good qualifications with good grades and most of them are college degrees. They like challenging research works and have ability to inventions in various streams. Many Indian origin scientists are working in USA for various projects. They are good at technology as well as medical science. More than 90% of Indian Americans are residing in the urban areas and 50% of them own their own house. Indian people from different religions are living there in USA and are practicing their religion there too. They have also established their religion there. Today there are many Sikh gurudwaras, Hindu, Buddhist, Jain temples as well as Indian churches and mosques in allstates of USA where Indians can pray. People of India living in USA are proud to be Indian and did not forget their moral values. In field of art, entertainment and media too Indian Americans have made their name with their remarkable contribution. There are many Indian origin famous producer and directors which are doing great work in their field. Many Indian models and actress are also making their name in USA. There are many Indian American journalist, editors and reporters in media.

Literature of India: Many Indian Americas are famous for their literature and have written many famous books which have won national and international awards. There are many famous authors to name Jhumpa Lahiri who won Pulitzer Prize, Kiran Desai, winner of the 2006 Man Booker Prize, Anita Desai, a famous novelist who has been shortlisted for the Booker prize three times. Dhan Gopal Mukerji, First successful Indian man of letters in the U.S. who is winner of Newbery Medal 1928. Amitav Ghosh, Indo-nostalgic writer and winner of Prix Medicis Etranger, Shauna Singh Baldwin, a novelist who won the writer’s prize in Commonwealth. We can’t forget the contribution of Vikram Sethwho is poet, novelist, travel writer, librettist, children’s writer, biographer and memoirist. There are countless names which have given contribution to the field of literature and are still continuously working. Indian Americans are making good contribution to the economic growth of United States of America. Indians also know English and have good knowledge so that is also affecting the country in positive growth. They are not only educated but they are also educating others. They believe in working hard and know the family values. They know better that how they can make bright future of their children.

Indians in Australia: Australia is the place in all over the world where maximum number of Indians is living and most of the people of India want to go their so that make their life better. Although recently racial attacks in Australia scared most of the Indian people, but still there are lots of people who wish to go there. The reason behind this is that there are various options that Indians would love to choose as their career and along with this they also find the climate of Australia best for them. This is the reason that people would like to go there and make their future.

Temples in Australia: There are various temples in Australia and all are so beautifully created. There are different temples in different regions of Australia. It is assumed that most of the Indian people live in Australia and near about this region and they all come to these temples to prey. Temple in different regions of Australia is categorized as following:

 Melbourne:  Shri Shiva Vishnu Temple, Sri Vakratunda Vinayaka Temple, Melbourne Murugan Temple, Durga Temple, Hare Krishna (ISKCON) Temple

New South Wales: Sydney Murugan Temple, Sri Mandir, Shri Swaminarayan Hindu Mandir,

Northern Territory: Hindu Temple

Brisbane: Vinayak Temple, Sri Sri Gaur Nitai - Hare Krishna Temple

Adelaide: Ganesh Temple, Hare Krishna Temple, Murugan Temple      

Top fields in Australia: Australia is famous for its working areas. There are many opportunities for people to work. Australia has options for all kind of people either their local employees or foreign employees. It provides so many opportunities to all kind of immigrants. Immigrants like work permit visa holders or skill visa holders can get their jobs easily.  But from past few months, Indians are not treating as well as they before in Australia. Although the government give guarantee that they will protect Indians and the safest place for Indians is Australia. These are few reasons that Indians like to go Australia. Australia has many opportunities for the people. Most of the Indians IT companies deport their employees to Australia for special training. The companies like Infosys, TCS and many more provide their employees a chance to go Australia and take training from their which is beneficial for both the company as well as the employee.   

Immigration Laws: It is not easy for a person to take the visa of Australia. They have to go through different parts of immigration visa. For each different kind of job there are different rules and regulations. Different visas include skill based visa, PR, work permit and many more. Each visa has their own limits to stay in Australia. Some allow staying there for limited period and some for permanently. 

Indians in USA: USA is of the country in Asia where Indians would like to go because of its great opportunities, facilities. According to a report of US Census Bureau the total Indians living in US are about 1, 645,210 that is approximately 16.2% of all Asians. According to report, there are almost 24.6% of Indians in America are natural born citizen. People from India prefer to go USA because of their better future and secure life. According to Indians, they get all the facilities and needs in that country and that’s why people want that by some reasons just reaches there. According to report, there are almost 9.8% population speak other language then English at homes. They are good in English but they prefer to speak in other languages (Hindi or Punjabi). According to educational point of view, 84% of them are high school diploma holder and 24% are Bachelor degree holder.        

Temples in USA: As there are lots of Indians and so for their convenience, USA authorities have made lots of temples.  Most popular Hindu temples in USA include Lakshmi, Krishna & Radha Shri Mandir, Krishna & Ganesh Richmond Hindu Center, Durga Temple, Murugan Temple, Rajdhani Mandir and lots of more. There are various temples in every region of USA and people prey to God in these temples. The Hindu community celebrates all its festivals with same energy and spirit in these temples as in India. They celebrate each festival in the same manner as it is celebrated in India. With these, they feel like living in India. Every weekend they go to temple and prey to God. Different regions or areas have their own mandir, gurudwaras and churches. These all are meant to prey to God according to their religion.    

Forums which are popular in the USA: USA is famous for its life style, fashion and the way of living, but with all this, it is also popular for its big companies. The forums in which Indians also participate include IT companies, business corporate and even farming. People who go their on work permit visas get the job for some limited hour in an hour and as the experience increase, time of job also increases. Similarly those who go on PR get good job. Most of the Indian companies deport their employees for some time either for training or for project. Most Indian companies that include in this pattern include Infosys, TCS and many more. It’s a great experience for them to learn better which is further beneficial for them as well their company.  It fields are in great demand in these days and so most of the Indians go their on the skills of IT so that they get job easily there.

After Mumbai attacks everyone thinks twice about coming to India. Yes I am talking about the tourists. After 26-11, there is a huge downfall in the number of tourists coming to India. The world really needs a reason or two to think of coming to India. I got this idea of writing after watching that “Atithi Devo Bhava” advertisement. The idea that is portrayed is correct. If you look at the way our auto rickshaw drivers or the common public deal with theses guests of the nation it really makes one ashamed. This really is not what we call as Indian Hospitality. When they go to any historical monument or a place of interest beggars, hawkers, guides and who not surrounds them to get money from them. The idea behind that advertisement is to tell common public to behave with the guests.

I am not saying that we should make arrangement of sand bashing sessions followed by belly dancing on the sand dunes as they do in Dubai nor I m in favor of romantic dinner on mountain top in Mount Abu. All we need is to improve our service level. We have enough on our cultural and heritage front to attract the tourists. Recently a report was published on the internet showing top ten worst hotels in India. Surprisingly all of them are of five star rating and are in the capital city of New Delhi. Now if we will have such reviews how can we attract more tourists? Out of those ten surveys almost half of them have been answered by Indians. The people of India do not like the hospitality they get from their countrymen and how can we expect the foreign nationals to praise our behavior and hospitality.

Government of India should realize that the tourists want a closer encounter with their destination. They just do not come here to se. slum dog tourism is on the rise. They like action oriented travel. They do not want to go over the glossy romantic pictures of India. Tourism has been for long, tended to be a passive thing, which in fact is not right. The heritage must be put to use. The traveler wants to take home a memory. They do not want memento.

We need to make travelling what you can do, what you eat, how you feel and learn. This is possible when you do all this as much as you can. It requires involvement. What they see on the websites when the search for the information be it the backwaters of Kerala or exploring old Delhi by rickshaw, they come here to realize it. They come here to live it. We need to arrange for the same.

Corbett has the highest density of Tiger in the country- approximately one every 5 sq.km. and it was here that the prestigious “Project Tiger” was launched in 1973. Four of deer- hog deer, samber, chital and barking deer and other prey like the wild boar support the predator. Besides the tiger, Corbett national park is a haven for 50 mammals, 580 kinds of birds and 25 reptile specie. The park has elephants, the Himalayan black bear in the higher elevations, sloth bear, varieties of lesser cats, dhole- the wild dog and an entire spectrum of colorful birds including water birds, pheasants, jungle fowl and the Indian hornbill.

Basking along the banks of the Ramganga are the slender snouted Gharial and the mugger or marsh crocodile. The river is rich in the magnificent mahaseer—a fine sporting fish prized by anglers, though angling is not permitted inside the national park. Other varieties fish found here are the goonch and the brown trout.

The nearest airport to the Corbett Park is the Pantnagar airport. The nearest rail head is that of Ramnagar. It is 51 kms from Dhikala. Entry to the forest is just outside Ramnagar.  Ramnagar is on the Moradabad- Ramnagar line. Again from Ramnagar one has to take the road to access the park. Ramnagar, is headquarter of Project Tiger is an obligatory point for going to the park. Here, besides regular bus services, government run mini buses are also available.

The best time to visit Corbett park is from mid- November to mid- June. The park is open to visitors between November and June. The best time to visit depends upon the interest of the visitor- summer is best for observing the larger mammals and winter, for water birds.

A few tips when you go there:

Do not disturb the animals during the day time as most of the nocturnal animals sleep during the day time.
Do not try to irritate the animals or make them angry by teasing them. Take official guides along with you on the park trip.
Do not use flash or intrusive photography. Picking of plants and insects is strictly prohibited.
Wear loose fitting and simple clothes that blend with the park surroundings.
For the safety of the visitors walking and hiking within the vicinity of the park is not allowed.
Camping and picnicking is not allowed within the park.
Carry plenty of water along with you.

Globally the automotive industry is a key economic sector and drives the emergence of a strong employment-led manufacturing sector. India is no exception. We are the second largest two-wheeler, the 11^th largest passenger car and the fifth largest commercial vehicle producer-in the world. In fact, this sector can enable the government to fulfill its two promises: promoting manufacturing and generating employment. An additional car manufactured generates five jobs, a commercial vehicle 13.

The current share of employment in the manufacturing sector is around 12 per cent as against 50 to per cent in Malaysia, 62 per cent in Korea and 31per cent in China. Growth in the automotive sector could significantly change this. The government’s Automotive Mission Plan 2006-2016 (AMP) in aims to make India a global automotive hub, accounting for 10 per cent of the GDP and creating 25 or million additional jobs by 2016.

The industry is investing over Rs 75,000 crore, of nearly 50 per cent of the investments envisioned in the AMP. Much of this will be in regions that did not have any pre-existing manufacturing activity. The industry is also developing new products. While the unveiling of the Nano attracted global attention, many new two-wheelers, trucks, buses and other products were also on display at the Auto Expo in Delhi. Some products like the ‘i10′ are manufactured here for the world. The industry is committed to making the vision of the AMP a reality. Increasing commodity prices, depreciating dollar, hardening interest rates and high taxes have posed new challenges for the growth of the industry.

Considering all these, will we be able to meet the AMP targets? Yes, but there is a need for multiple actions like reduction of taxes, specifically excise duty and the creation of an enabling environment so that the mobility aspirations of Indians are met. An inter-ministerial task force to implement and monitor the AMP is needed.

India has the second-largest road network in the world after the US. The US’s network is twice as large as India’s and it carries over 11 times the number of cars. Japan has seven times the number of vehicles but one-third the road length; Brazil twice and China thrice the number of vehicles but with just half the road length. The issue in India is connectivity. A well-connected and efficient road network 

would be the bedrock of a competitive India. Otherwise, it would not be possible in the future to transport goods including agricultural products from the rural hinterland to the national or international markets. A nine-state survey indicated that the construction of rural roads would lead to change in the cropping pattern, increase farm employment, improve access to health facilities, enhance the number of school going children, and increase the availability of public transportation among others.

Of late, much has been said about cars out-pacing the growth in road development and the need to control private ownership of vehicles in our cities. This comparison is incorrect and misleading. The actual fact is that even in Delhi, one of our better cities, road availability has declined from 2.21 kms per 1,000 people in 199596 to 1.94 kms in 2005-06. With increasing urbanisation and influx of people, matters will get worse. The transportation sector contributes over Rs 120,000 crore as taxes and duties on vehicles and fuels. A proportion of this can be used to finance road and infrastructure development.

Improved public transportation is part of the solution. To do this, the ‘first step could be to reduce duties on buses and rationalising of road tax. The former can be done in Budget 2008 but states should extend similar facilities for VAT. The second needs an empowered committee of transport ministers and would take time.

Transport corporations and city bus systems have and can make profits. But, the sector needs reforms. Cross-subsidisation of passenger vehicles is not the answer. The problem is the multiplicity of departments and bodies that govern urban transport. A unified transport authority is required for coherence in planning and functioning. For example, in the Delhi metro, ring railway, taxis, autos and the city and inter-state buses need to be integrated. A strengthened, focused and extended urban renewal mission can enable this.

The increase in fuel prices was long due, but more needs to be done. The debate on petroleum prices is similar to the earlier one on electricity tariff. There is no reason why electricity and petroleum products need to be treated differently.

To reduce fuel consumption, only efficiency standards would not have the desired impact in isolation of prices. The oil industry needs revenues to modernise and produce clean fuels. For emissions beyond 2010, an expert panel needs to be 

formed to announce a roadmap, a national norm rather than state or city-specific norms.

Research and development projects on alternative fuels and hybrids are required. Seventy-nine per cent of vehicles produced in India are two-wheelers, 71 per cent of the domestic car market is small cars, and a framework to encourage domestic production of such hybrids is required.

Research on second-generation bio-fuels, synthetic fuels and fuel cell/hydrogen vehicles must be initiated. Many governments are investing huge sums in R&D projects and support out-sourced R&D - all these could be a model for India. Almost all of what needs to be done is known. Leadership and allocation of funds with long-term tax incentives that include outsourced R&D are required.

Fostering innovation would enable more low-cost products like the Nano to be developed. To address the shortage of skilled personnel, an industry-institute partnership is a must. This has to be complemented by change in curriculum and teaching methodology. Many of the small auto component firms don’t have any access to capital. A modernisation fund could be created.

While the above measures would promote and sustain domestic demand and competitiveness sustains domestic demand and competitiveness, to become a global hub, exports have to increase. Exports have been growing at a compound annual rate of 40 per cent during the last five years.

More vehicles are exported than the number produced in 1980. We need to promote ‘Made in India’ products. The depreciation of the dollar and non-reimbursable embedded domestic taxes has reduced profitability of exports. This needs to be addressed along with improved rail connectivity between the auto-manufacturing plants and ports.

While the industry invests to improve productivity, quality, create new capacities and products, parallel action to create an enabling environment and futuristic infrastructure is needed to realise the vision of the AMP and is imperative to sustain growth.

Highly skilled Indian migrants in Britain seem to be mountaineering on molehills. They are contesting the British government’s claims that recent changes made to the visa rules, while not retrospective, do not grant an inalienable right for any migrant to settle in that country.

Parliamentary Under-secretary, Lord Hunt in the Ministry of Justice, reportedly reiterated this last week while clarifying the government’s position to representatives of Indian migrants. Tens of thousands of Indian migrants are concerned about the ‘retrospective’ nature of the new rules in Britain’s Highly Skilled Migrants Programme (HSMP). These jitters, however, may be misplaced as it is up to the Home Office to decide when, and how, to modify its immigration policy. If it wants certain criteria to be met before migrant workers are extended visa extensions, then so be it. After all, this is a universal practice and every country has the right to decide on the extent of liberalisation in its immigration laws.

Skilled and qualified migrants, in any case, need not be bothered about meeting the requisite eligibility criteria. The same goes for the points system and etiquette guidelines for immigrants to be enforced soon. Apparently, information packs explaining British customs and containing advice on social rules such as ‘not littering, not spitting and queuing in shops’ are also to be given to new migrants. Such rules cannot be faulted as long as they don’t morph into a very restrictive visa regime that unduly straitjackets the movement of qualified workers from other countries. As happened a couple of years ago when the British government suddenly made it mandatory for doctors coming to Britain from outside the European Union to acquire permits not just to work, but also to train there. This forced HSMP migrants to re-qualify and introduced new tests, including earnings requirements and academic qualifications.

We had criticised the move in these columns since it meant abolishing the Department of Health’s system of allowing doctors from abroad to seek permit-free National Health Scheme training jobs in Britain. This would have denied Indian and other non-EU doctors their jobs even after they qualified in the tests.

Qutub Minar

In 1199, Qutub-ud-Din raised the Qutub Minar either as a victory tower or as a minaret to the adjacent mosque. However, only the first story was completed by Qutb-ud-din. The other stories were built by his successor and son-in-law, Iltutmish (1211-36 AD). The two circular stories in white marble were built by Firozshah Tughlaq in 1368, who used marble to face the redstone. From a base of 14.32m it tapers to 2.75m at a height of 72.5m. It is a red sandstone tower covered with beautiful and striking carvings and is inscribed with verses from the holy Quran. Its projecting balconies with inscriptional decorative bands on different storeys heighten its decorative effect. With a height of 72.5 m and 379 steps, it is the highest stone tower in India, as well as one of the finest Islamic structures ever raised and Delhi’s recognised landmark.

Qutub Minar is the tallest brick minaret in the world, and an important example of Indo-Islamic Architecture. The tower is in the Qutab complex in South Delhi, India. The Qutab Minar and its monuments are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Qutub Minar is 72.5 metres high (237.8 ft) and requires 399 steps to get to the top. Although formerly closed, visitors can reach the top of the tower by paying a fee of Rs.500.00   or about $12.00. The diameter of the base is 14.3 metres wide while the top floor measures 2.75 metres in diameter. Surrounding the building are many fine examples of Indian artwork from the time it was built in 1193. A second tower was in construction and planned to be taller than the Qutub Minar itself. Its construction ended when it was about forty feet tall.

 Inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan and wishing to surpass it, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced construction of the Qutub Minar in 1193; but could only complete its basement. The developments of architectural styles from Aibak to Tuglak are quite evident in the minaret. Like earlier towers erected by the Ghaznavids and Ghurids in Afghanistan, the Qutub Mahal comprises several superposed flanged and cylindrical shafts, separated by balconies carried on Muqarnas corbels. The minaret is made of fluted red sandstone covered with intricate carvings and verses from the Qur’an. The Qutub Minar is itself built on the ruins of Lal Kot, the Red Citadel in the city of Dhillika, the capital of the Jat Tomars and the Chauhans, the last Hindu rulers of Delhi

Best Time to visit is October to March from Sunrise to Sunset. To reach here one may opt thorough Air, rail or road.

Air :  Delhi is the main gateway city for northern India with a modern airport. All major international airlines in the world fly through Delhi. Indira Gandhi International Airport is located at 23km southwest of Central Delhi and the domestic terminal at Palam is 5km away from the international terminal.
Taxi and coach transfer is available from both International and Domestic Arrivals. Pre-paid Taxi (a service with journey fare paid at the booking counter), air-conditioned and non- air-conditioned coach counters are located immediately outside the customs Hall in International Terminal and outside Baggage Claim area in Domestic Arrivals.

Airport Coach (non-air-conditioned) is operated by Delhi Transport Corporation (via Connaught Place and Railway Stations) to Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT), Kashmiri Gate and by Ex- Servicemen’s Air link Transport Service to Connaught Place. The coach covers all major hotels enroute.
Rail: Delhi is the hub of the Indian Railways network with Express trains to all parts of the country. The city has two major railway stations in New Delhi and Old Delhi. New Delhi station is within walking distance of Connaught Place and Main Delhi station is about 7km from Connaught Place. Delhi offers Express trains to all parts of the country. For the foreigners, tickets are available at the International Tourist Bureau located at New Delhi station. The main ticket office is at the IRCA building on Chelmsford Road, Pahar Ganj, between New Delhi station and Connaught Place.

Shatabdi Express air-conditioned fast tourist train operates to Bhopal (via Agra, Gwalior, Jhansi), Lucknow (via Kanpur) and Chandigarh, provides access to some of the neighboring tourist centres.

Bus:  Buses from all the major places in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are available for getting to Delhi. During the summer months, air-conditioned coaches are recommended. Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) operates special services from railway stations to different parts of the city

Jantar Mantar

The name is derived from yantra, instrument, and mantra, for chanting; hence the ‘the chanting instrument’. It is sometimes said to have been originally yantra mantra, mantra being translated as formula, although there is limited justification for this since in traditional spoken Jaipur language, the locals obfuscate the written ‘Y’ syllable as ‘J’.
The observatory consists of fourteen major geometric devices for measuring time, predicting eclipses, tracking stars in their orbits, ascertaining the declinations of planets, and determining the celestial altitudes and related ephemerides. Each is a fixed and ‘focused’ tool. The Samrat Jantar, the largest instrument, is 90 feet high, its shadow carefully plotted to tell the time of day. Its face is angled at 27 degrees, the latitude of Jaipur. The Hindu chhatri (small domed cupola) on top is used as a platform for announcing eclipses and the arrival of monsoons.
Built of local stone and marble, each instrument carries an astronomical scale, generally marked on the marble inner lining; bronze tablets, all extraordinarily accurate, were also employed. Thoroughly restored in 1901, the Jantar Mantar was declared a national monument in 1948.
An excursion through Jai Singh’s Jantar is the singular one of walking through solid geometry and encountering a collective weapons system designed to probe the heavens

The instruments are in most cases huge structures. They are built on a large scale so that accuracy of readings can be obtained. The samrat yantra, for instance, which is a sundial, can be used to tell the time to an accuracy of about two seconds in Jaipur local time.  It is considered the largest sundial in the world.  Today the main purpose of the observatory is to function as a tourist attraction.

The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Maharaja Jai Singh II at his then new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1733. It is modelled after the one that he had built for him at the then Mughal capital of Delhi. He had constructed a total of five such labs at different locations, including the ones at Delhi and Jaipur. The Jaipur observatory is the largest of these.

Jai Singh’s idea was to create a rebirth of practical astronomy among the Indian masses and practicing astronomers. However, the lofty ideals of the Jantar Mantar remained unfulfilled as the country at that time was in chaos and the full potential of this observatory was never realized. In the beginning, Jai Singh tried to use brass instruments in this observatory, but soon gave them up because of several inherent flaws. They were too small; for one thing, their axes were unstable so the center often got displaced. He then decided to follow the style adopted by the renowned Arab astronomer, Prince Ulugh Beg, builder of the famous 15th century observatory at Samarkand, Uzbekistan. The massive masonry instruments at Samarkand suited Jai Singh’s architectural tastes and promised to be more accurate because of sheer size. In 1730, Jai Singh sent a mission to the king of Lisbon. On its return to Jaipur, the mission brought back a telescope and the court astronomer by the name of Xavier de Silva. This unique observatory was completed in 1724 and remained operational only for seven years.

SANGHOL

Sanghol is a village in tehsil Khamano located in Fatehgarh Sahib District of Punjab. It is also known as Ucha Pind Sanghol. It is about 40 km from Chandigarh on the way to Ludhiana. This place holds a special position on the archeological atlas of India. Excavations at the site have yielded coins and seats related to Nomadic rulers.

Toramana and Mahiragula belonging to central Asia. Buddhist stupas was excavated in 1968, but in February 1985 a rich treasure of 117 beautiful caryed stoneslabs, pillars, crossbars, figures and figurines were excavated by the experts of the Directorate of Archaeology, Punjab. Scholars have related them to Kushan Sculptures of the Mathura school of 1st and 2n century A.D. These treasures have since been displayed for art lovers and historians in the museum of sanghol.

Places of Interest

• Site Excavation at village named ‘Ucha Pind Sanghol’.
• Archeological Museum at Sanghol (district Ludhiana)

The ground floor gallery exhibits the most important items of antiquities other than the stone sculptures. The pride of the Sanghol Museum, the stone sculptures, are displayed in the upper gallery. The antiquities in the ground floor gallery have been arranged chronologically to highlight the development of socio-cultural and religious facts of the regional manifestations of the heritage of Punjab.
Apart from the actual objects, a large number of charts, graphs, photographs, maps, and drawings have been displayed to supplement the viewing of the actual objects. Each of the items is given a label disclosing its identification and chronological placement. The methodology has been as per the latest display techniques followed in museums of the type. At the entry point has been displayed a Master Chart containing a brief history and important details of Sanghol as an archaeological site and of the objects obtained from the place.

The earthen-wares are posts and vases of varying sizes.  Large size bricks or tiles with deep marks of 3 fingers have been found at the place.  Other articles include grinding-stone, votive tanks and clay seals.  A large carved red sand stone trough has also been found at the place.

The antiquities accidentally dug out or found from the surface of Sanghol clearly indicate that the site was a flourishing town in early times.  Perhaps it was abandoned several times.  Hence the great height of the mound and the name Ucha Pind, because it is visible from a long distance.

Some of the stone sculptures recovered from Sanghol bear marked Mongoloid features.  The names given to some of the localities of the village even at present, such as “pheelkhana” and “Mahal” are indicative of the fact that the place enjoyed a very high status and was probably the seat of the ruler of the area.  Sanghol is said to be the ancient Sangal Deep ruled by Raja Sang.  The famous Rup and Basant brothers, who figure in legendary history, are said to have belonged to Sanghol.

The bulk of the archaeological evidence at Sanghol leavers little doubt that the mound, which is still about 70- 80 ft. raised from the surrounding area, is very ancient and excavations at the place might yield rich historical data.

Sanghol is situated close to the old bed of river Satluj as evidenced by white sand found over a wide stretch near the locality.  Sometimes boat oars have been reported to have been found here.  The site seems to be contemporaneous with the mounds at Sunet and Hathur. 
         
Sanghol has a Janta (Co-educational) High School, Girls Middle School and Primary School.  The village has got a panchayat. Till 1948 Sanghol formed part of the former Princely state of Patiala and was included in the erstwhile Pepsu on the merger of the States thereafter.  The village was transferred to Ludhiana district on January 25, 1950 in connection with the exchange of enclaves.

There is a vast network of bus services of Punjab, Himachal, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators. Chintpurni, Jwalaji, Kangra Valley, Dharamshala, Maclodgunj, Dalhousie are some of the various Hill Stations of Himachal Pradesh where you can go to through Hoshiarpur.

Distance From
Chandigarh 140 Kms
New Delhi 390 Kms

LAL QUILA: The Red Fort

Originally known as Qila-e-Mualla, Red fort or Lal Qila was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after he transferred his capital to his newly planned city of Shahjahanabad (Delhi) from Agra in 1638. The foundation stone of this massive citadel was laid in 1639 and it was completed after nine years in 1648. Designed by the Mughal architects Ustad Hamid and Ahmad, Red Fort is an important symbolic monument in India even today. Every year on Independence Day (15th August) the Prime Minister of India hoists the national flag and addresses the nation, from the ramparts of Red fort.

Built of red sandstone, the fort has an irregular octagonal shape. Its rampart walls cover a perimeter of 2.41 kilometers and rise to a height of 33.5 meters on the town side and 18 meters on the riverside. The Yamuna River used to flow on the eastern side of the fort when it was built, filling the moat that runs outside the ramparts. The moat was thus a considerable obstacle for an enemy army. However, the moat today remains empty as the river has moved, over 1 kilometer to the east. To the north, a bridge of 900 meters by 550 meters, connects the fort with Salimgarh. It is said that the cost of construction of the whole fort, including the magnificent palaces and other buildings that the fort contains, was around one crore rupees in the Mughal period. However, during the First War of Independence of 1857, the British army occupied Red Fort, and demolished more than 75% of the fort. A number of palaces and other structures were razed and massive barracks for soldiers were constructed inside the fort, thereby diminishing the overall elegance and beauty of this imposing stronghold. Though much has changed after 1857, the remaining structures in the fort still reflect the zenith of technical excellence of the craftsmen of Mughal times. Until recently the Indian army was stationed within Red Fort but now the Archaeological Survey of India maintains the entire complex. The remaining palaces lie along the eastern side of the fort, with two three-storeyed main gateways located at the center of the western and southern walls. These gates are known as Lahore Gate and Delhi Gate. There are three other entrances on other sides but they are now closed and entry through them is restricted.

Lahore Gate: The main entrance to the Red Fort is through this imposing gateway flanked by semi-octagonal towers. The gate is named thus because it faces West, towards Lahore in Pakistan. The North-facing gate from where one enters and the fortifications before the original Lahore gate were built later by Aurangzeb to make it more difficult for an attacking army to enter. It is here, at the top of the fortification that the Prime Minister of India hoists the national flag on Independence Day every year. Other senior Indian leaders are seated on either side of the flagpole along the length of the balcony. In 1986 for security reasons all the windows of Shah Jahan’s gateway were blocked with red sandstone. There is also a lift just before the Lahore Gate, built in 1965, which is used on Independence Day. Lahore Gate has several apartments inside it and it is said that the huge bronze-covered wooden door of the gate was so heavy that elephants were used to close and open the door. Across the road from Lahore gate is Chandni Chowk, one of the fascinating markets of Old Delhi.

Chatta Chowk (vaulted arcade): As you enter the Lahore Gate, arcaded apartments flank the passage, which is known as Chatta Chowk. Also known as Meena Bazaar, this was one of the first covered bazaars of the 17th century. The shops of that era sold pure silks, jewellery, gems, silver ware and other artistic objects and catered primarily to Mughal courtiers and noble families. It is said that there were also teashops here, where nobles used to meet and discuss the latest court gossip and news of the kingdom. Today the shops in the Chowk sell souvenirs and eatables and drinks. They are now located only in the lower arcade whereas in Mughal times the shops were located on the upper as well as lower arcades. These vaulted arcades are made up of natural sandstone. The shops in the lower arcade had cusped arches. In the middle of the Chatta Chowk, there is also an open section for the sunlight and fresh air to enter. From the end of the bazaar, the view of Drum House was picturesque as the large square courtyard and water tank, provided a clear view, unlike later when much was altered with the British occupation. They destroyed the elegance of the monument by building multi-storey barracks north of the courtyard.

Naubat or Naqqar Khana: The next structure after the Chowk is the Naubat or Naqqar Khana. Also called Drum House, it was used for playing music five times a day. The music galleries contained large musical instruments like kettledrums, hautboys (shehnai) and cymbals. It was also called Hathipol as everyone, except for the royal princes, had to dismount from their elephants here. It was here that the arrival of royalty was heralded as well as the festivities were announced. Built with red sandstone, the structure is rectangular in shape. It is said that the carved

designs on its walls were originally painted with gold. In the interior different layers were painted with a combination of colors. The first floor of the Naubat Khana now houses a War Memorial Museum. The museum contains arms and armaments used by the rulers of Mughal times. It also has paintings of various kings and rulers and their activities. It includes a brief description of India’s First war of Independence in 1857
Located on Netaji Subhash Marg, near Chandni Chowk in Old Delhi, the best time to visit Red fort is between 10 a.m - 4 p.m. It is open on all days except Monday, from sunrise to sunset. The admission fee is Rs. 11.00 for Indian citizens/ Rs. 100 for foreigners (including the tickets of all the three museums inside). Video filming charges: Rs. 125.00. How to Reach: Tourists can either take local buses from various points within the city to reach this monument, which is located in Old Delhi, or they can hire auto-rickshaws and taxis or metro rail. Nearest Railway Station is the Old Delhi Railway Station.
Nearest Metro Station is the Kashmiri Gate. Nearest International Airport is the Indira Gandhi International Airport. Time required for sightseeing is approximately 2 hours. A sound and light show is held every evening giving an idea of the Mughal history, both in Hindi and English. The timings for summer Hindi 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. and English 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. and for the winter they are in Hindi 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. and English 7 p.m. to 8 p.m.The entrance charge is Rs. 20.

JAMA MASJID

 The largest mosque in India, it stands 500 meters west across the road from the Red Fort. It was built in 1656 by Shahjahan, the Mughal Emperor. About 25,000 people can pray here at a time. It is an architectural triumph. The vast paved courtyard is a rectangle nearly seventy-five metres by sixty-six metres. The whole of the western chamber is a big hall; standing on 260 pillars all carved from Hindu and Jain traditions. The central courtyard is accessible from the East, though there are three ways on the other side too. The Eastern side entrance leads to another enclosure containing the mausoleum of Sultan Ahmed Shah.

 The Jama Masjid was designed as the main mosque of Shahjahan. It stands on one of the two hills, Bho Jhala in the Mughal capital, Shahjahanabad. The mosque has three gateways, four towers and two minarets. It is constructed with alternate use of vertical strips of red sandstone and white marble. The white marble has been used extensively in the three domes and has been inlaid with stripes of black. The structure was situated on a high platform so that its magnificent facade would be visible from all the neighboring areas. The main prayer hall on the west is decorated by a series of high cusped arches, which stand on 260 pillars. These pillars support 15 marble domes at various elevations. The imposing gateways are approached through a broad flight of steps in the north and the south. The hallmarks of this famous mosque are the wide staircases and arched gateways.
The tower is made up of five distinguished storeys, each pronounced by a protruding balcony. Beautiful calligraphy embellishes its adjacent buildings. The first three storeys of the tower are made of red sandstone, the fourth one, while the fifth is again of sandstone.
The main entrance on the eastern side was probably used by the emperors. It remains close on the weekdays. One can have the view of the Old Delhi, the Red Fort and the New Delhi from the southern minaret for a fee of Rupees 5.

The main imam of this Jama Masjid is the direct descendent of the original and first Imam appointed by Emperor Shahjahan and till now there is no break in its descendency. People of other religions are not allowed in between 12-30 and 2-00pm. One is allowed to enter the mosque bare-footed, head covered and wearing lungi, - these are the norms visitors have to follow and are available on payment. For taking photographs one has to buy tickets first.

The splendid mosque built by Shahjahan in the typical Mughal style with two minarets and three domes, lies to the west of the Hussainabad Imambara and is entirely free from pseudo Italian art then in vogue in Lucknow. Though Shah Jahan has the credit of building a number of mosques in Delhi, Agra, Ajmer and Lahore, the Jama Masjid is by far the best and an outstanding symbol of Mughal architectural brilliance in India.

It is the country’s largest mosque, where thousands of Muslims offer prayers. It lies opposite the Red Fort and is surrounded by a large number of shops, which deal in a variety of goods. The great mosque of Old Delhi is both the largest in India and the final architectural extravagance of Shah Jahan with a courtyard capable of holding 25,000 devotees.

It remains open for tourist on all days from Sunrise to Sunset. Preferred Timings are for Summer it is 7.00 am-12.15 pm & 1.45 pm till sunset. In winter it is  8.30 am-12.15 pm & 1.45 pm till sunset.

Muslim ladies are allowed only after Fazar Prayers (after dawn) till Maghrib Prayers (between sunset and twilight), all round the year except during Ramadan (Ramzan) when they are allowed entry from Fazar Prayers to Maghrib Prayers

It is free and open to all except during prayer timings. Tourists should cover their knees as well their arms and remove their shoes before entering the mosque. Cloth to be draped around your limbs or feet, is available at the entrance and is provided on request.

Tourists can either take local buses from various points within the city to reach this monument, which is located in Old Delhi, or they can hire auto-rickshaws and taxis or metro rail. Time required for sightseeing is 2 hours.

THE GOLDEN TEMPLE - AMRITSAR

Sri Harmandir Sahib, also known as Sri Darbar Sahib or Golden Temple, (on account of its scenic beauty and golden coating for English speaking world), is named after Hari (God) the temple of God. The Sikhs all over the world, daily wish to pay visit to Sri Amritsar and to pay obeisance at Sri Harmandir Sahib in their Ardas.

Guru Arjan Sahib, the Fifth Nanak, conceived the idea of creating a central place of worship for the Sikhs and he himself designed the architecture of Sri Harmandir Sahib. Earlier the planning to excavate the holy tank (Amritsar or Amrit Sarovar) was chalked out by Guru Amardas Sahib, the Third Nanak, but it was executed by Guru Ramdas Sahib under the supervision of Baba Budha ji. The land for the site was acquired by the earlier Guru Sahibs on payment or free of cost from the Zamindars (landlords) of native villages. The plan to establish a town settlement was also made. Therefore, the construction work on the Sarovar (the tank) and the town started simultaneously in 1570. The work on both projects completed in 1577 A.D.

Guru Arjan Sahib got its foundation laid by a Muslim saint Hazrat Mian Mir ji of Lahore on 1st of Magh, 1645 Bikrmi Samvat(December,1588). The construction work was directly supervised by Guru Arjan Sahib himself and he was assisted by the prominent Sikh personalities like Baba Budha ji, Bhai Gurdas ji, Bhai Sahlo ji and many other devoted Sikhs.

Unlike erecting the structure on the higher level(a tradition in Hindu Temple architecture), Guru Arjan Sahib got it built on the lower level and unlike Hindu Temples having only one gate for the entrance and exit, Guru Sahib got it open from four sides. Thus he created a symbol of new faith, Sikhism. Guru Sahib made it accessible to every person without any distinction of Caste, creed, sex and religion.

The building work completed in 1601 A.D. on Bhadoon Sudi 1st, 1661 Bikrmi Samvat (August/September, 1604). Guru Arjan Sahib installed newly created Guru Granth Sahib, in Sri Harmandir Sahib and appointed Baba Budha ji as its first Granthi i.e. the reader of Guru Granth Sahib. After this event it attained the status of ‘Ath Sath Tirath’. Now the Sikh Nation had their own Tirath, a pilgrimage center

Sri Harmandir Sahib, is built on a 67ft. square platform in the centre of the Sarovar(tank). The temple itself is 40.5ft. square. It has a door each on the East, West, North and South. The Darshani Deori (an arch) stands at the shore end of the causeway. The door frame of the arch is about 10ft in height and 8ft 6inches in breath. The door panes are decorated with artistic style. It opens on to the causeway or bridge that leads to the main building of Sri Harmandir Sahib. It is 202 feet in length and 21 feet in width.

The bridge is connected with the 13 feet wide ‘Pardakshna’ (circumambulatory path). It runs round the main shrine and it leads to the ‘Har ki Paure’ (steps of God). On the first floor of ‘Har ki Paure’, there is continuous reading of Guru Granth Sahib.

The main structure of Sri Harmandir Sahib, functionally as well as technically is a three-storied one. The front, which faces the bridge, is decorated with repeated cusped arches and the roof of the first floor is at the height of the 26 feet and 9 inches.

At the top of the first floor 4 feet high parapet rises on all the sides which has also four ‘Mamtees’ on the four corners and exactly on the top of the central hall of the main sanctuary rises the third story. It is a small square room and have three gates. A regular recitation of Guru Granth Sahib is also held there.

On the top of this room stands the low fluted ‘Gumbaz’ (dome) having lotus petal motif in relief at the base inverted lotus at the top which supports the ‘Kalash’ having a beautiful ‘Chhatri’ at the end.

Its architecture represents a unique harmony between the Muslims and the Hindus way of construction work and this is considered the best architectural specimens of the world. It is often quoted that this architecture has created an independent Sikh school of architecture in the history of art in India.

To reach Amritsar, Air is the quickest way since the city has an international airport. Shatabdi Express from Delhi would be the second option; however it is also well connected by road from New Delhi.

Bahai Lotus Temple
Nehru Place, New Delhi

In the heart of New Delhi, located in Kalkaji, south of Delhi, shaped like a half opened Lotus flower, this temple is made of marble, cement, dolomite and sand. It is open to all faiths and is an ideal place for meditation and obtaining peace and tranquility. Bahai’s Temple is a marvel of modern architecture, which is visible from several spots in south Delhi. The lotus flower signifies purity and peace, a representation of the manifestation of God, to the people of India. This ancient symbol has been given a modern and contemporary form in the structure of the Bahai House of Worship drawing into its sanctum sanctorum people from all races, religious backgrounds and culture from around the globe.

It represents the Bahai faith, - an independent world religion; divine in origin, all embracing in scope, broad in its outlook, scientific in its method, humanitarian in its principles, and dynamic in the influence. It is a very recent architectural marvel of the Bahai faith.

Since its inauguration to public worship in December 1986, the Bahai House of worship has drawn to its portals more than 50 million visitors, making it the most visited edifice in the world. People have come regardless of the scorching summer heat of Delhi, which sometimes rises above 40°C during the months of June to September, and have braced the chill and cold rains that Delhi experiences during winter. They have admired the beautiful lotus form of the Temple, and have been fascinated by the teachings of the Bahai Faith, which believes in oneness of God, oneness of religions and oneness of mankind.

In the raising of the House of Worship in New Delhi traditional Indian means of construction were employed coupled with the most modern Western engineering design. Fariborz Sahba, Canadian architect of Iranian origin, spent 10 years in designing and project management, and with the help of a team of about 800 engineers, technicians, artisans and workers brought to realisation one of the most complicated constructions in the world. Rising pure and unsullied above stagnant, muddy waters, the Indians have seen this flower as worthy of emulation, teaching them to be detached from material preoccupations. This temple joins six other Bahai temples around the world. Each of these Houses while sharing some basic design concepts has its own distinct cultural identity embodying the principle of unity in diversity. The structure of the House is composed of three ranks of nine petals; each springing from a podium elevating the building above the surrounding plain. The first two ranks curve inward, embracing the inner dome; the third layer curves outward to form canopies over the nine entrances. The petals, constructed of reinforced white concrete cast in place, are clad in white marble panels, performed to surface profiles and patterns related to the geometry. Nine arches that provide the main support for the superstructure ring the central hall. Nine reflecting pools surround the building on the outside, their form suggesting the green leaves of the lotus flower. Translating the geometry of the design, in which there are virtually no straight lines, into the actual structure presented particular challenges in designing and erecting the framework. Not only was it difficult to align, so as to produce accurately the complex double-curved surfaces and their intersections, but also the closeness of the petals severely restricted workspace. Nevertheless the task was carried out entirely by the local labourers. Thanks to each one who contributed in its construction.

The Bahá’í Temple in New Delhi, however, occupies a unique position. Not only does it embody the spiritual aspirations and basic beliefs of the world-wide Bahá’í community, but, significantly in a land of myriad religions, it has begun to be seen as providing a unifying link, bringing divergent thoughts into harmony by virtue of its principle of oneness - of God, religion, and mankind. This, perhaps, is the secret of its unabated popularity.
Against the backdrop of a religious milieu which encourages the fragmentation of the Supreme reality into innumerable gods and goddesses, each personifying a specific attribute of the almighty, the Bahá’í Temple, with its total absence of idols, elicits bewilderment as well as favourable response. When the main entrance gate was first opened to the general public on 1 January 1987, visitors flocked to the ‘Lotus Temple’ out of sheer curiosity. The vast lawns, the massive white structure, the high-ceilinged Central Auditorium and a Temple without idols standing so near the ancient ‘Kalkaji Temple’ aroused the interest of all.

Indian visitors, from the most urbane to the simplest rural folk, expressed perplexity at the absence of any deity. Explaining the all-pervasive nature of the Creator which defies deification became a challenge. Many times guides helping to maintain decorum inside the Prayer Hall were startled by the astonished exclamations of visitors wondering aloud where the object of adoration was. Some of them, in their simplicity, paid obeisance to the lectern, surreptitiously placing a flower or two - an amusing as well as a touching sight. Awed by the beauty and grandeur of the edifice, they struggled to grasp the spiritual significance of this material structure.

As understanding dawned, a typical response became: “Few temples radiate the atmosphere of sublimity, peace, and calm so necessary to elevate a devotee spiritually as the Bahá’í House of Worship”. Other repeated comments included: “Where there is silence, the spirit is eloquent” and “One feels one is at last entering into the estate of the soul, the state of stillness and peace”. The visitors were aided in their efforts by the serenity of the Prayer Hall and the assistance of volunteer guides and staff who explained the raison-d’etre of the Temple. The innate sense of reverence of the Indian for the Omnipresence often manifested itself in the act of reverently touching the steps leading into the Prayer Hall.

Visitors from the West often came to critically appraise a structure which had gained fame as a marvel of 20th-century architecture. For them it was sometimes a grudging, sometimes a spontaneous realisation that the phenomenon called faith transcends logic and that the universal ethic of love envelops all. They, too, were humbled at this altar of faith and love.

The best time visit BAHAI temple is:
Summer: 9:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m
Winter: 9:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m
On every Monday this temple remains closed.

No matter what the identity of the visitors, from the Orient or the Occident, from North or South, of humble origins or exalted positions, all have been unanimous in their appreciation of both the physical grandeur as well as the lofty purpose of the House of Worship. One visitor commented: “The most beautiful experience. Its magnificence, charm and glamour are awe-inspiring. It reflects the dream of all humanity to bring together a new civilization for all people.” A renowned visitor from India opined, “Architecturally, artistically, ethically, the edifice is a paragon of perfection.